ABSTRACT
Abstract The haemostatic efficacy of different extract types of Satureja thymbra L., Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) and Verbascum fruticulosum Post. (Scrophulariaceae) was evaluated in this study via the Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) analysis. Aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of the examined plant species leaves were prepared to a final concentration 50 mg/mL. In vitro PT and aPTT assays were conducted on normal platelet poor plasma blood samples by a digital coagulation analyzer. The obtained results revealed anticoagulation activity of all investigated plant species with observed variations among them. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of T. spicata as well as the aqueous extract of S. thymbra prolonged PT values significantly (p < 0.05). While, all V. fruticulosum extract types have had no significant effect on the PT values. The recorded aPTT data showed that all aqueous extracts have had a significant effect on the blood haemostasis as they increased aPTT values in all plant species under study. Out of which, both the ethanol and methanol extracts of T. spicata and methanol extract of S. thymbra showed similar effect. Of great concern, it was clearly noticed that the aqueous and ethanol extract of T. spicata and the aqueous extract of S. thymbra possess the strongest anticoagulation effect as they increased both PT and aPTT values significantly relative to the control (p < 0.05). The variable anticoagulation bioactivity among the studied plant species could be referred to the various solvents degrees of solubility of different phyto-constituents. Thus, the efficacy of the plant species extracts evaluation as anticoagulants or coagulants were related to the plant species and to the solvent of extraction.
Resumo A eficácia hemostática de diferentes tipos de extrato de Satureja thymbra L., Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) e Verbascum fruticulosum Post. (Scrophulariaceae) foi avaliada neste estudo pelo tempo de protrombina (TP) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa). Os extratos aquosos, metanólicos e etanólicos das folhas das espécies de plantas examinadas foram preparados para uma concentração final de 50 mg/mL. Os ensaios de TP e TTPa in vitro foram realizados em amostras normais de sangue, pobre em plaquetas, por um analisador de coagulação digital. Os resultados obtidos revelaram atividade anticoagulante de todas as espécies de plantas investigadas, com variações observadas dentre elas. Os extratos aquosos e etanólicos de T. spicata e o extrato aquoso de S. thymbra prolongaram significativamente os valores de TP (p <0,05). Entretanto, todos os tipos de extratos de V. fruticulosum não tiveram efeito significativo sobre os valores de TP. Os dados registrados do TTPa mostraram que todos os extratos aquosos tiveram um efeito significativo na hemostase do sangue, pois aumentaram os valores de TTPa em todas as espécies de plantas em estudo. Dos quais, ambos os extratos etanólicos e metanólicos de T. spicata e o extrato metanólico de S. thymbra mostraram efeito semelhante. De grande preocupação, notou-se claramente que os extratos aquoso e etanólico de T. spicata e o extrato aquoso de S. thymbra apresentam efeito anticoagulante mais forte, aumentando os valores de TP e TTPa significativamente em relação ao controle (p <0,05). A variável bioatividade anticoagulante dentre as espécies vegetais estudadas pôde ser referida aos vários graus de solventes de solubilidade de diferentes fitoconstituintes. Assim, a eficácia da avaliação de extratos de espécies vegetais como anticoagulantes ou coagulantes foi relacionada às espécies vegetais e ao solvente de extração.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Hemostatics , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Ethanol , Methanol , HemostasisABSTRACT
@#Dengue fever is one of major health problem around the world including Malaysia. It is caused by the arthropode-borne flavivirus and transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, or DENV-4). In this study, a screening exercise of various Malaysian medicinal plants showed that the extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Dryobalanops aromatica, Punica granatum, Zizyphus jujuba Lam. and Zingiber zerumbet exhibited potent inhibitory activity against NS2B-NS3 serine protease. The methanol extracts of Dryobalanops aromatica showed inhibition of 99.70 % at concentration of 200 μg/mL with IC50 value of 0.30 ± 0.16 μg/mL.
ABSTRACT
@#Limonium socotranum and Peperomia blanda are used in ethnomedicine to treat several diseases, such as infection, cancer, and inflammation. P. blanda (family: Piperaceae) is from the genus Peperomia, and mostly found in Madagascar, Yemen, USA to South America, while L. socotranum (family: Plumbaginaceae) from the genus Limonium and this species is found only on Socotra Island, Yemen. These plants have attracted great interest in recent years because of their phytochemical contents. Consequently, the current study is aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents, the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of L. socotranum (leaves and stem) and P. blanda extracts. Successive extraction had been performed which resulted in nine crude extracts. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was then conducted using qualitative chemical analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was determined using the well diffusion method against eleven selected pathogenic microbes and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured. The cytotoxic activities of the plant extracts against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines were investigated using sulforhodamine B assay. It was noted that methanol leaves extract from L. socotranum exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (MIC 15.6 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 125 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 125 μg/mL), than stem parts, while petroleum ether extract displayed stronger antifungal activity, with MIC of 125 μg/mL. On the other hand, petroleum ether extract of P. blanda was effective against Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited moderate antifungal activity. Petroleum ether extract of P. blanda displayed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 of 4.60 ± 0.02 μg/mL, while the methanol extracts showed higher activity against the HepG2 cell line, with an IC50 of 13.90 ± 0.14 μg/mL. Phytochemical findings confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. The promising obtained results suggest the potential use of these plants in cancer and antimicrobial therapies.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The haemostatic efficacy of different extract types of Satureja thymbra L., Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) and Verbascum fruticulosum Post. (Scrophulariaceae) was evaluated in this study via the Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) analysis. Aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of the examined plant species leaves were prepared to a final concentration 50 mg/mL. In vitro PT and aPTT assays were conducted on normal platelet poor plasma blood samples by a digital coagulation analyzer. The obtained results revealed anticoagulation activity of all investigated plant species with observed variations among them. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of T. spicata as well as the aqueous extract of S. thymbra prolonged PT values significantly (p 0.05). While, all V. fruticulosum extract types have had no significant effect on the PT values. The recorded aPTT data showed that all aqueous extracts have had a significant effect on the blood haemostasis as they increased aPTT values in all plant species under study. Out of which, both the ethanol and methanol extracts of T. spicata and methanol extract of S. thymbra showed similar effect. Of great concern, it was clearly noticed that the aqueous and ethanol extract of T. spicata and the aqueous extract of S. thymbra possess the strongest anticoagulation effect as they increased both PT and aPTT values significantly relative to the control (p 0.05). The variable anticoagulation bioactivity among the studied plant species could be referred to the various solvents degrees of solubility of different phyto-constituents. Thus, the efficacy of the plant species extracts evaluation as anticoagulants or coagulants were related to the plant species and to the solvent of extraction.
Resumo A eficácia hemostática de diferentes tipos de extrato de Satureja thymbra L., Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) e Verbascum fruticulosum Post. (Scrophulariaceae) foi avaliada neste estudo pelo tempo de protrombina (TP) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa). Os extratos aquosos, metanólicos e etanólicos das folhas das espécies de plantas examinadas foram preparados para uma concentração final de 50 mg/mL. Os ensaios de TP e TTPa in vitro foram realizados em amostras normais de sangue, pobre em plaquetas, por um analisador de coagulação digital. Os resultados obtidos revelaram atividade anticoagulante de todas as espécies de plantas investigadas, com variações observadas dentre elas. Os extratos aquosos e etanólicos de T. spicata e o extrato aquoso de S. thymbra prolongaram significativamente os valores de TP (p 0,05). Entretanto, todos os tipos de extratos de V. fruticulosum não tiveram efeito significativo sobre os valores de TP. Os dados registrados do TTPa mostraram que todos os extratos aquosos tiveram um efeito significativo na hemostase do sangue, pois aumentaram os valores de TTPa em todas as espécies de plantas em estudo. Dos quais, ambos os extratos etanólicos e metanólicos de T. spicata e o extrato metanólico de S. thymbra mostraram efeito semelhante. De grande preocupação, notou-se claramente que os extratos aquoso e etanólico de T. spicata e o extrato aquoso de S. thymbra apresentam efeito anticoagulante mais forte, aumentando os valores de TP e TTPa significativamente em relação ao controle (p 0,05). A variável bioatividade anticoagulante dentre as espécies vegetais estudadas pôde ser referida aos vários graus de solventes de solubilidade de diferentes fitoconstituintes. Assim, a eficácia da avaliação de extratos de espécies vegetais como anticoagulantes ou coagulantes foi relacionada às espécies vegetais e ao solvente de extração.
ABSTRACT
Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multi-detector row computerized tomography [MDCT] in staging of rectal cancer by comparing it to rectal endoscopic ultrasound [EUS]. We prospectively included all patients with rectal cancer referred to our gastroenterology unit for staging of rectal cancer from December 2007 until February 2011, 53 patients whose biopsy had proven rectal cancer underwent both MDCT scan of the pelvis and rectal EUS. Both imaging modalities were compared and the agreement between T- and N-staging of the disease was assessed. We staged 62 patients with rectal cancer during the study period. Of these, 53 patients met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated [25 women and 28 men]. The mean age was 57.79 +/- 14.99 years [range 21-87]. MDCT had poor accuracy compared with EUS in T-staging with a low degree of agreement [kappa = 0.26], while for N-staging MDCT had a better accuracy and a moderate degree of agreement with EUS [kappa = 0.45]. MDCT has a poor accuracy for predicting tumor invasion compared to EUS for T-staging while it has moderate accuracy for N-staging
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasm Staging , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
For many years; epidemiological studies continued to suggest that high fat diets are linked to an increased incidence of certain cancers. However; whether the oncogenic properties of fat are associated with their quantity rather than the quality has become debatable. Epidemiological studies have been suggesting that n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and saturated fats are more likely to increase the incidence of cancer; whereas monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are more likely to prevent or decrease the chance of carcinogenesis. A firm conclusion cannot be drawn yet because of insufficient research. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the effects of saturated fats; different types of unsaturated fats; and fat-soluble vitamins on the etiology of cancer